====== Magnesium ======

Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12. /* new. */ It is found in the periodic table in the Alkaline Earth Metals group. /* .new */ It is a silvery-white, highly reactive metal that is the ninth most abundant element in the universe and the eighth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. Magnesium is the fourth most abundant cation in the human body, with an average of 24 g in an adult.

Chemically, magnesium is a very active metal. It is a strong reducing agent and has the ability to bind to other elements, such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur, as well as other metals. Magnesium readily forms compounds with these elements and other metals, forming an important part of the chemistry of the Earth’s crust.

===== Biological function =====

Magnesium is an essential mineral for human health. It is involved in over 300 biochemical processes in the body, including DNA synthesis, the conversion of food into energy, and the formation of strong bones and teeth. Magnesium is also critical for maintaining the balance of calcium and other minerals in the body, and for regulating muscle and nerve functions. Magnesium helps regulate a healthy heartbeat and also helps to regulate blood pressure, blood sugar, and insulin levels.

Magnesium plays an important role in human nutrition. It is necessary for the body to absorb and use other essential nutrients, such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium and vitamin D. Without adequate magnesium intake, the body cannot process these other nutrients effectively. 

Magnesium is also important for the synthesis of proteins and other molecules, as well as for the absorption of energy from food. Indeed Magnesium is essential for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the body's main source of energy.

===== Foods that contain Magnesium =====

Magnesium is found in a wide variety of foods. Whole grains, nuts, seeds, and legumes are excellent sources of magnesium. Green leafy vegetables, such as spinach and kale, are also rich in magnesium, as are certain fruits, such as bananas, apricots, and avocados. Some fish, such as salmon and mackerel, are also good sources of magnesium.

===== Dietary supplements =====

In some cases, it may be beneficial to take magnesium as a dietary supplement. This may be recommended for people who do not get enough magnesium from their diet. Magnesium supplements typically come in the form of tablets, capsules, powder or liquids. Taking magnesium supplements can help to ensure that the body is getting enough of the mineral.

===== Risks of overuse =====

It is important to note that magnesium supplements can be dangerous if taken in excess. Too much magnesium can lead to an electrolyte imbalance in the body, which can cause a variety of symptoms, such as nausea, dizziness, muscle weakness, and irregular heartbeat. It is important to speak with a healthcare provider before taking any supplements.